PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.